anarchism essays

anarchism essays The aim of this essay is to explain Anarchism and to comprehend if it is a political ideology. There are a lot of anarchist thinkers and ordinary people which believe that anarchism is not a political ideology is only a theory in contradiction to the others which believe that anarchism is a political ideology because it is based upon ideas and values that a group of people believe and fight for. An ideology is more or less coherent set of ideas, which provide the basis for an organized political society. However, it is essential to go back and look at anarchism roots, ideas, historical arguments etc, to deepen into this human political theory that is connected with societal behavior and function. Anarchism is an ideology that regards abolition of government as the necessary precondition for a free and just society. The term itself comes from the Greek words anarchy (an-achy) which means "without a ruler, without authority . Anarchism rejects all forms of hierarchical authority, social and economic as well as political. What distinguishes it from other ideologies, however, is the central importance it attaches to the state. To anarchists, the state is a wholly artificial and illegitimate institution, the bastion of privilege and exploitation in the modern world. For this reason anarchism is primarily a movement against hierarchy. Also hierarchy is the organizational structure that embodies authority. Since the state is the "highest" form of hierarchy, anarchists are, by definition, anti-state; but this is not a sufficient definition of anarchism. This means that real anarchists are opposed to all forms of hierarchical organization, not only the state. The "classical" anarchists such as Proudhon, Bakunin and Kropotkin did use the word hierarchy, but preferred "authority,", it's clear from their writings that theirs was a philosophy against hierarchy, against any inequality of power or...

Jail vs. Prison

Jail vs. Prison Jail vs. Prison Jail vs. Prison By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Can the words  jail and prison be used interchangeably? In colloquial usage, the words jail and prison are often used interchangeably in reference to any place where people are locked up for a legal offense. Jail is the usual choice when speaking of imprisonment in the abstract. For example: A man like that belongs in jail. If you ask me, I’d put him in jail and throw away the key. The connotation of jail is less severe than that of prison. When the words are used in reference to actual places of legal confinement, there is a distinct difference between a jail and a prison. In most US states, jails are short-term facilities operated by local authorities, whereas prisons are long-term facilities operated by the state or federal government. When people are arrested for anything, from drunk driving to murder, they will be temporarily confined in a jail. For lack of more appropriate facilities, mentally ill people are often placed in jail. Note: So many mentally ill people are jailed or imprisoned in the United States that, according to clinical psychologist Dean Aufderheide, â€Å"[T]here is no doubt that our jails and prisons have become America’s major mental health facilities, a purpose for which they were never intended.† Typically, jail is for: 1. People who are being held pending a plea agreement, trial, or sentencing; 2. People who have been convicted of a misdemeanor criminal offense and are serving a sentence of less than a year; 3. People who have been sentenced to a term longer than a year and are waiting to be transferred to a long-term facility. Prisons are for convicted felons who have been sentenced to a term of one year or longer. Here are some quotations that fail to distinguish between jail (short-term) and prison (long-term): Al Capone was sentenced to 11 years in jail for failure to pay four years’ worth of taxes.- Political blogger. I hope his sentence is long enough so his jail cell will become his coffin.- Victim of convicted swindler Bernard Madoff, whose sentence is for a term of 150 years. Man remains in jail 6 years without conviction- Headline, Las Vegas Review-Journal. Man faces 11 years in jail for punching elderly man over free Nutella samples- Headline, The Independent. Venezuelas opposition denounced the sentencing of politician Leopoldo Lopez to nearly 14 years in jail.- News article, The Huffington Post. Most speakers will probably continue to use jail informally to mean â€Å"a place of incarceration.† Professional writers, on the other hand, may be expected to observe a distinction between jail and prison in formal contexts. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Definitely use "the" or "a"A While vs AwhileNominalized Verbs

Term paper for economics Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Term for economics - Research Paper Example Nonetheless, despite the established consideration in the distribution of the economic pie that guide public discourse, there are new and emerging scientific and economic approaches that are proving to be popular in shaping and guiding the approaches to distribution of the national cake. Greek philosophers were instrumental in laying the groundwork for the distribution of nation’s wealth, which was long before the birth of the discipline of economics as currently known. In line with this, it is common knowledge that philosophers such as Plato and Plutarch defined the level of differences that should result from the rich and the poor and the consequences of these differences. Conversely, the revolution age was responsible for the establishment of government’s policies that redistributed wealth (Acemoglu and Robinson 190). Closer to contemporary economic society, the economic scientists who developed economics perspectives that advocated for various approaches of sharing and distributing the national wealth in a way that ensured equitable and equity in distribution of wealth. This expose elucidates on different ways that a nation’s distribution of wealth affects the economic growth. Stiglitz identified two approaches towards the distribution of a nation’s wealth with each approach differing in perspective and consequences, which are in terms of the growth of a nation’s economy (387). In the first approach, Stiglitz identifies that nations can adopt an approach that focuses on a high ratio of capital and labor. In this approach, Stiglitz noted the ability of a nation to enhance stability in its economic growth while focusing on equitable distribution of resources in the country in the long-term. Conversely, the other approach proposed by Stiglitz identified a small capital-labor ratio, which he defined as developing an economy that was unstable in the end. Besides, this approach was responsible for the

Models of Consumer Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Models of Consumer Behavior - Essay Example The economic situation of the consumer determines the washer or dryer one is going to purchase. The higher the disposable income, the more likely the individual will prefer a high-end Whirlpool washer and dryer and vice versa. Role of involvement in purchase decisions Consumers tends to illustrate high involvement with Whirlpool washers and dryers since these products form a crucial component of their lives. The consumers have to determine between various Whirlpool washers and dryers before reaching a purchase decision. The post-purchase behavior of these consumers involves a more critical evaluation of the different features and benefits offered by the various whirlpool washers and dryers. Due to the significant differences identified with the washers and dryers and the high involvement of consumers purchasing these products, the consumers display a complex buying behavior. The consumer has to determine between various product differences including the top loading or the front loadi ng and the different capacities for the washers and dryers. The high involvement and the complex buying behavior are associated with products that are infrequently purchased such as the Whirlpool washers and dryers. The consumer seeks all the relevant information before determining the specific Whirlpool washer or dryer they hope to purchase. Consumer decision-making process Whirlpool marketing strategies have to influence the eight steps associated with the consumer decision-making process when deciding to purchase a washer and dryer.

Crunchie Bones Essay Example for Free

Crunchie Bones Essay The aim of this experiment is to test whether or not a Crunchie bar could be used as a bone replacement. If this were possible the crunchie would have to be strong enough to support the patients life style. The Crunchie bar will be used to replace a leg bone. After the experiment I will calculate the ultimate breaking stress of the Crunchie and then compare this to the ultimate breaking stress of a leg bone. I will calculate the stress by using the formula: The apparatus is going to be set up as follows: I will tighten both of the G-clamps by 90 at the same time, then I will read off the force on the dial of the scales. I will read the dial from directly above otherwise parallax may occur. I am using three crunchies at the same time, as this will be more reliable. To make the measurements accurate I will calibrate the scales after the crunchies and wooden boards have been put on to it. I will ensure that the G-clamps are placed in the middle of the blocks so that the pressure off these blocks is spread over all of the bars, and not just on one side. The safety aspect of this experiment is that the G-clamps may fall off and cause an accident. Results Degree turns ( ) Force in Newtons (N) 90 58.8 180 147.0 270 264.6 360 431.2 450 617.4 540 833.0 630 1038.8 720 1185.8 810 1176.0 900 1127.0 990 1097.6 1080 1097.6 1170 1097.6 1260 1097.6 1350 1097.6 1440 1097.6 I have, as accurately as possible, measured the surface area of one crunchie, the measurements were: 140mm x 25mm = 3500mm To use the stress formula the surface area needs to be in m , to get this I will: 3500 x 1000000 = 0.0035m As I have used three crunchie bars I will need to times the above value by 3: 0.0035 x 3 = 0.0105m Using the above results table I have constructed a graph. As it and the results table shows the crunchie bars held up against a great force, then went the force reached 1190.0N, the crunchie bars crumbled. This meant the up ward force from the crunchie bars went and the force dropped down to1097.6N this force continued when the G-clamps were continued to be turned. Calculations By doing the following calculations I will determine the ultimate breaking stress of the crunchie bars for one leg. Stress ( ) = force (f) Area (A) Stress ( ) = 1190.0 N 0.0105 m Stress ( ) = 113333.3 Pa = 11 x 10 Pa Due to inaccuracies of the scales I am going to calculate the maximum and minimum values of the force and then calculate the breaking stress due to these differences. Maximum force = 1200 N Minimum force = 1180 N Maximum Stress = 1200 N 0.0105m = 114285.7 Pa (1dp) = 1.14 x 10 Pa Minimum Stress = 1180 N 0.0105m = 112380.9 Pa (1dp) = 1.12 x 10 Pa I have accounted for the inaccuracies of the scales and of the turning of the G-clamps by drawing error boxes on the graph. The size of the error boxes is 20N x 36 . Further calculations will determine whether or not the crunchie bar would be a suitable replacement for a leg bone. Average mass of human = 60kg Weight = mass x gravity = 60 x 9.8 = 588 N Area of crunchie bar = 0.0105m Area for two legs: 0.0105 x 2 = 0.021m Stress = F A = 600N = 600N 0.021m 0.0105m = 28571.4 (1dp) = 2.8 x 10 Pa Stress = 57142.9 Pa (1dp) (1 leg) = 5.7 x 10 Pa By using question eight from the section Spare Part Surgery in the Salters Horners Advanced Physics book I can see that the crunchie bar would not be able to be used as a bone replacement. This is because the value given in the book for stress on the leg bone when someone standing still is 10 Pa and so is bigger than the 2.8 x 10 Pa, therefore the crunchie would shatter when under this stress. When investigating further and by using question nine from the section Spare Part Surgery in the Salters Horners Advanced Physics book I found that there is a bigger value for stress when the person moves or in the case of question nine, jumps off a wall. The below calculations show that the crunchie bar would be unable to with stand the stress of the patient moving: Height of wall = 1.5m Time taken = 0.1s Gravity = 9.8ms = 9.8Nkg Mass = 70kg a = v t = 5.42 0.1 = 54.2 ms F= ma = 70kg x 54.2ms = 3.80 x 10 N Calculations for crunchie bars: Area of both legs = 60 x 10 m Area of crunchies = 0.0105m Calculations for bone: Man lands on two legs = 0.0105 x 2 Stress = F = 0.021m A Stress = F = 3.80 x 10 N A 60 x 10 m = 3.80 x 10 N = 6.3 x 10 Pa 0.021m = 18095238.1 Pa = 1.8 x 10 Pa These calculations show that the crunchie bar could not with stand the stress when the patient moved. This is shown in the calculations because the value of stress on the crunchie bars when put in this situation is greater than that of the leg bones. Therefore the crunchie bars would break. Overall this experiment has shown that a crunchie bar could not be used as a suitable bone replacement as it would not be able to with stand the ultimate breaking stress of a person if they were standing still or if the person was moving. If I had more time to continue this experiment I would make a piece of apparatus, like a protractor, that enabled me to measure the degree turns that I made when turning the G-clamps making my measurements more accurate. Using the apparatus I could also make more turns such as 45 turns as well as 90 turns.

The Impact of ISPs on the Architecture of the Internet :: Internet Cause Effect Papers

The Impact of ISPs on the Architecture of the Internet The Internet was started over three decades ago as a US government sponsored project. The Internet originally connected several universities and the government; it eventually grew to include some private companies/research labs. As such, the initial users of the Internet were scientists/technologists who were well versed in the workings of the network (and who did not have the malicious intents of modern hackers). The motivation of the Internet at this time was to provide a robust nationwide communication network and to allow for the sharing of scientific research/resources around the nation1. The original architecture of the Internet is often described as an end-to-end architecture. The end-to-end architecture is a decentralized one in which a â€Å"mechanism should not be placed in the network if it can be placed at the end node† 2. This type of design keeps the core of the network simple and generic. Since that time, however, the scale of the Internet has grown exponentially. It became increasingly difficult for a government-sponsored network to scale to such sizes, so the government gradually turned the network over to the private sector. Since the government is no longer responsible for access to the Internet, private companies – Internet Service Providers (ISPs) – have emerged to provide access to this vast network. These ISPs, of course, are private companies whose principal goal is to make a profit – a radical contrast to the goal of the original ISP, the US government. The rise of ISPs as dominant players in today’s Internet has been a catalyst for a more centralized network that is shifting away from the original end to end design; this change has been a negative one for it has hurt the most important group associated with the Internet – the end users. One of the most fundamental changes from the early days of the Internet to today has been the shift to privatization. It is the profit-making end of ISPs that drives their actions and it is in this interest that ISPs are attempting to move the Internet away from its end-to-end beginnings. In order to make a profit, ISPs must first attract a sizeable number of customers to buy their service and then obtain a significant profit for the services they provide. In the free market economy, ISPs must compete with one another for customers; to be competitive in this market, ISPs must have some attractive feature to offer customers: low prices, unlimited connection hours, high speed access, or some other attractive service that is unique to that particular ISP.

Medicated Child

â€Å"The Medicated Child† The documentary â€Å"Medicated Child† shows how there is a lack of knowledge on how to diagnose and treat children with Bi Polar Disorder. Early on before proper research was done, children were often diagnosed with ADHD instead of the proper BI Polar diagnosis. This can be attributed to the fact that the symptoms are so similar. Doctors often feel treatment of such disorders can only be treated by medications, however, some psychologists believe that there are other methods that can be used. They do not want children to be on so many daily medications.In my opinion the doctors in this documentary were to quick to diagnose and medicate the children with these disorders. They used educated guesses on the type of treatment to use. In some cases the children were on 8 or 9 different medications daily. This much medication or any mind-altering substance given to a child whose mind is still developing could have and is shown here to have long term effects on the rest of their lives and development in society. There is a chance that the children may have grown out of these stages in their lives but were never given the chance to come into their own.The parents seemed to be looking for a quick fix to their kids acting out. When in reality, what child from 3-5 doesn’t have emotional outbursts and the inability to control their impulses? Parenting and guidance need to come into come into play for these children. Children in this age range are easily molded and might just need some guidance and structure added to their life before going straight to medications. This is not to say that mental illness does not exist in some young children, but in some cases other outlets of help and treatment should to be sought out before giving strong and heavy doses of medications to your child.The health care providers in the video seemed to neglect further testing or options of treatment for the young patients and just opted to add more prescriptions and raise dosages of already existing medications. The parents appeared to have a feeling that something wasn’t right but went along with doctor’s orders anyway due to their lack of knowledge on the subject and situation. Jacob was diagnosed with Bi polar disorder at 3 years old when his teachers suggested to his parents that he was to hyperactive and needed ome sort of treatment. He was initially diagnosed and treated for ADHD but soon after his parents decided that he was being too heavily medicated and wanted him to be taken off the meds. It was discovered shortly after the hospital stay where he was being detoxed, that he actually had Bi polar disorder. At 16 Jacob is still on medications to treat bi polar disorder, but I feel that the over medication and vast array of chemicals he was exposed to when he was a child heavily influenced and distorted his development into adolescence.It is my overall opinion from this video that we need to look at all o ptions when treating children with mental illnesses. Medication can be useful but needs to be monitored carefully and combined with therapies. Parents need to be educated on what the medications can do to their child. The young children in this video will grow up to be adults living in our society and we want them to be as happy, healthy and productive as possible.